RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 8:(Chapter 14 in 2008 reprint)Bolzano's Semantics Concepts.This essaywas developed in 2003 and 2005 from notes written in March 1998, after attending a lecture about Bernhard Bolzano (Bohemia, 1781-1848), a logician I’d never heard of at the time, given by Professors Barnes and Mulligan of Geneva University[1]. I was disappointed by their seeming inability [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 7:(Chapter 13 in 2008 reprint)Comments on 3 chapters of FoucaultThese noteson the first three chapters of Michel Foucault'sThe Order of Things[1]were written in 1990, prior to writing the essayLogical Aspects Of Michel Foucault's "Archeology".My intention was a chapter by chapter commentary of the book, but I did not finish that. The comments are [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 6:(Chapter 12 in 2008 reprint)Logical Aspects of Foucault's"Archeology".This is a critical analysis of Dr. Michel Foucault's methodology, as well as doctrine, in his celebratedThe Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences(387 pages, plus a forward and preface)[1]. That book is a translation ofLes Mots et les Choses, originally published, in France, [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 5:(Chapter 11 in 2008 reprint)Islamic LogicThis essay was written end 1998 or early 1999, as preparatory notes for a series of lectures on philosophy delivered to a group of some twenty students at the Université Populaire de Genève. It has been slightly edited since then.1. The Structure of Islamic Law2. Islamic Hermeneutics3. Interpreters5.1The [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 2:(Chapter 10 in 2008 reprint)JEWISH LOGIC:A Brief History and Evaluation This essay was first written in 1990, then completely revised in 1995.1.Introduction.2.Traditional Claims and Historical Record.3.Comparisons and Assessments.1.Introduction.All comparative and historical studies are likely to deepen and enrich our understanding of logic in general. Reading the article on 'The History and Kinds of Logic', [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 3:Diagrams forJudaic Logic3.1R. Ishmael’s Rule No. 1, concerninga-fortioriargument, can be represented by atriangular star, at the center of which is the middle item (R) through which the three other items, P, Q, and S are related to each other.Diagram 1aThea-fortioriargument may also be represented, with reference to the comparative propositions that underlie it, [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter 2:Addenda toJudaic LogicWritten after the Slatkine edition of 1997.1.Concerning Adductive Reasoning Relative to Prophecy.2.A Note on Astronomy.3.An Example of Secondary A-Fortiori in the Talmud.4.One More Example of A-Fortiori in the Tanakh.5.A Note Concerning Anachronisms.6.Inferences from Context.7.Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc.8.Judgment-Calls.9.Tolerance of Contradictions.10.Proof of God by Analogy?11.Disproofs of God?12.Neither Certainty Nor Faith are Essential [...]

RUMINATIONSPart II,Chapter1:J. S. Mill's Methods.Preamble1. The Joint Method of Agreement and Difference2. The Method of Agreement3. The Method of Difference4. The Method of Residues5. The Method of Concomitant VariationsConcluding RemarksNew version.The present essay was originally written, or at least published, in 1999; but I decided to rewrite almost all of it in March 2005, when [...]

RUMINATIONSPart I - Chapter9About Negation1. Negation in Adduction2. Positive and Negative Phenomena3. Positive Experience Precedes Negation4. Negation is an Intention5. Formal Consequences6. Negation and the Laws Of Thought7. Pure Experience8. Consistency is Natural9. Status of the Logic of Causation10. Zero, One and More11. Psychology of Negation12. Negation in Meditation1. Negation in AdductionConcepts and theories are [...]

RUMINATIONSPart I - Chapter 8About Causal Logic1. Induction of Causatives2. True of All Opposites3. Extensional to Natural4. Hume’s Denials5. Hume’s Mentalism6. Constant Conjunction7. Billiard Balls8. Against Kant on Freewill9. Alleged Influences10. Analogical Inferences1. Induction of CausativesInduction of causative propositions, like for most other kinds of proposition, consists largely in the process oftrying to ‘fit-in’ the [...]